How are lakes created?

Question

I need a detailed response regarding the creation of lakes with a connection to glaciers

Answer 1

* Significance of lake formation



1. Hydrology

Including renewal time



2. Basin shape

3. Chemistry

4. Trophic state

a. eutrophic

b. mesotrophic

c. oligotrophic

d. dystrophic

5. Paleolimnology

6. Endemic species



TYPES OF LAKES



1. TECTONIC BASINS

A. New land lakes

1. uplifting of marine sediments

2. often large and shallow

Lake Okeechobee, Florida



B. Structural basins

1. Grabens

a. lake in a downfaulted depression

b. often long, narrow and deep



Lake Baikal, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Tahoe, Pyramid Lake (Nevada),

Lake Ohrid (Yugoslavia), Dead Sea, Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee)



2. Tilted fault blocks

a. Fault on only one side



Abert Lake, Oregon



3. Reverse drainage basins

a. Uplifting forms a dam

b. Dendritic lake



Lake Kioga, Uganda



4. Upwarping

a. Uplifting around entire basin

b. Large but fairly shallow lake



Lake Victoria, East Africa



5. Subsidence

Local depression due to earthquakes



New Madrid Quakes, Reelfoot Lake



2. LAKES ASSOCIATED WITH VOLCANIC ACTIVITY

A. Craters in cinder cones



B. Calderas

1. collapsed or exploded volcanoes

2. surrounded by rim of lava; deep

3. oligotrophic



Crater Lake, OR (608 m deep)

Tagus Lake, Galapagos



C. Maars

1. explosion craters

2. often small, round and not as deep as calderas



Eifel lake district (Black Forest of Germany)



D. Lava flow lakes

collapsed lava flow cavern



E. Volcanic damming

lava or ash dams a stream



Lake Kivu, central Africa



3. LAKES FORMED BY WIND

A. deflation basins

1. pan lakes (animals remove cover and trample; wind blows away dirt)

2. playas (wind erosion in arid basins)

3. often shallow and large



B. sand dune lakes



4. LAKES FORMED BY RIVERS

A. plunge pools

includes basins of old waterfalls in now dry river systems

Falls Lake, WA (from ice break on glacial Lake Missoula in Grand Coulee region of WA)



B. oxbow lakes

1. bends in river that become isolated

2. shallow and oddly shaped

3. often interesting organisms in these lakes



C. floodplain or varzea lakes

1. some are in depressions in the flood plain area

2. some are due to sediments deposited across mouths of inflowing streams



5. LAKES FORMED BY GLACIERS AND ICE

A. Existing glaciers or ice

1. pockets of meltwater on the surface of or below glaciers

2. lakes at the front of a receding glacier

a. irregularly shaped

b. silty

3. glacier dams a valley

4. permafrost lakes (cryogenic lakes)



B. Past glaciers

1. fjords

a. glacially deepened valley or fault adjoining the sea

b. may be isolated from the sea

c. may be dammed



2. glacial carved basins

a. ice scour lakes (piedmont lakes)



(1) often on originally flat rock (not in mountains)

(2) lake basin on rock – may have poor drainage



many Canadian lakes (including Great Slave Lake)

Laurentian Great Lakes (scour and rebound)



b. cirque lakes

(1) common on formerly glaciated mountains

(2) small, round, steep sided (amphitheater-shaped)

(3) small drainage area

(4) reduced number of species

(5) paternoster lakes – series of cirques down a hill



3. moraine lakes

a. material pushed by glaciers leaves dams of rock and dirt as the glacier retreats



Finger Lakes

Lake Mendota, WI



4. kettle lakes

a. depressions in glacial till

b. sometimes due to melting ice block, sometimes irregularities in the moraine

c. irregularly shaped



Walden Pond

Linsley Pond



6. SOLUTION LAKES

A. Formed by dissolution of soluble rock (often limestone) by percolating water





e.g., CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O <--> Ca2+ + 2HCO3-





B. Areas with numerous solution lakes are known as 'Karst topography'

C. sink holes – may form quickly and be short-lived (dolines)

D. cave ponds and mound springs - often have strange and unique biota



7. LAKES ASSOCIATED WITH SHORELINES on shores of oceans and large lakes

A. deltaic lakes – sedimentation as river currents slow when they enter a large lake or the ocean – may isolate lakes on deltas

B. coastal lake -- movement of sand in spits and bars may enclose basins

Answer 2

Geologically speaking, most lakes are young. The natural results of erosion will tend to wear away one of the basin sides containing the lake, such as the shores of Lake Baikal in Russia which is estimated to be 25–30 million years old. There are a number of natural processes that can form lakes. A recent tectonic uplift of a mountain range can create bowl-shaped depressions that accumulate water and form lakes. The advance and retreat of glaciers can scrape depressions in the surface where lakes accumulate; such lakes are common in Scandinavia, Patagonia, Siberia and Canada. Lakes can also form by means of landslides or by glacial blockages. An example of the latter occurred during the last ice age in the US state of Washington, when a huge lake formed behind a glacial flow; when the ice retreated, the result was an immense flood that created the Dry Falls at Sun Lakes, Washington.





Salt crystals, on the shore of Lake Urmia, Iran

Salt lakes (also called saline lakes) can form where there is no natural outlet or where the water evaporates rapidly, and the drainage surface of the water table has a higher than normal salt content. Examples of salt lakes include Great Salt Lake, the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea and the Dead Sea.

Small, crescent-shaped lakes called oxbow lakes can form in river valleys as the result of meandering. The slow-moving river forms a sinuous shape as the outer side of bends are eroded away more rapidly than the inner side. Eventually a horseshoe bend is formed and the river cuts through the narrow neck. This new passage then forms the main passage for the river and the ends of the bend become silted up, thus forming a bow-shaped lake.

Lake Vostok is an subglacial lake in Antarctica, possibly the largest in the world. The pressure from ice and the internal chemical composition means that if the lake were drilled into, it may result in a fissure which would spray in a similar fashion to a geyser.

Some lakes, such as Lake Baikal and Lake Tanganyika lie along continental rift zones, and are created by the crust's subsidence as two plates are pulled apart. These lakes are the oldest and deepest in the world, and may be destined over millions of years to become oceans. The Red Sea is thought to have originated as a rift valley lake.

Crater Lake in Oregon, USA is a lake located within the caldera of Mount Mazama. The caldera was created in a massive volcanic eruption that lead to the subsidence of Mount Mazama around 4860 BC. Since that time, all eruptions on Mazama have been confined to the caldera.

Some lakes, such as Lake Jackson, USA come into existence as a result of sinkhole activity.

Answer 3

A lake is created by someone or something building a dam. Out of dirt or some sort of foreign materials. To stop the flow of water until it builds to the level of the dam and the overflow witch is built in the dam to keep the water from washing the dam away so that it can retain a certain level of water. That you can determine by placing the overflow at the determined level you wish.

Answer 4

The funny thing about the 'lake of fire' is that it didn't even exist in Jewish doctrine, and it took exposure to Greek religious belief for it to pop up in the Christian scene. Hades, was a Greek God that presided over a lake of fire. It is likely that the Jews were first introduced to the theory of Hell while captives in Babylon, and many of them adopted the new belief that was then supported by the Essenes, from which John the baptist and perhaps Jesus and Christianity sprung from. Jesus didn't agree with the Pharisees and Sadducee because he was likely an Essene.