Mongolia has many small alluvial gold operations that, together add up to about 10 tonnes of gold production annually. Primary gold production is far more restricted, however, as the technology required necessitates Western participation; to my knowledge there is currently one commercial primary gold mining operation (at Boroo).
The Oyu Tolgoi copper deposit is situated in Mongolia, close to the Chinese border. This is a phenomenally big deposit which has a railway line, built by the Chinese, up to their border. (When it is developed, the Chinese clearly want the copper!)
There is a large open-pit mine at Erdenet that produced copper and molybdenum; the biggest open pit mine in Central Asia.
Most of Mongolia is poorly explored but there are strong indications of other potentially economic gold deposits, uranium deposits, coal deposits and small amounts of oil.
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